Made in all scales, all sizes, feature prototype operation, infra- red indexing, 9. ABG Model Trains O Scale 1: 4. Product catalog and up to date information. Abracadata Software (now The Liquid Ate Her) Producers of Train Engineer, Design Your Own Railroad and other railroading software. A. C. Gilbert American Flyer S- Gauge Rarity Repaints Custom repaints of some of the rarest American Flyer S- gauge items using original American Flyer stock. The Rarest and Most Valuable Playstation (PS1) Games. Even though the original Playstation is one of the most common consoles of all time, there are many valuable PS1. M Night Shyamalan Unveils The Amazon Brigade is an elite fighting unit, often the best of the best or damn near close to it, that is composed entirely of women. Naturally, they should never be. Fox, Simmons, Comet & Rocket B units, Keystone, White's, Celanese and others. Accucraft Trains Large scale electric & live steam models. Accu- Lites A manufacturer of HO scale lighting and DCC products. Accurail Makers of fine HO scale freight cars. ACE Trains The finest tin printed gauge 0 trains being made in the world today. Acrylic Display Cases We make and sell a wide range of display cases for the collector of models, dolls and memorabilia. Adair Shops Weight upgrade kits for contemporary model railroad cars. HO scale steel plate and beam loads. Coupler adapters kits. Adams & Westlake, Ltd. If you have a project that requires casting, drawing, punching, cutting, shaping, welding, brazing, polishing, grinding, bending, riveting, drilling, milling, or finishing, we can do it for you. ![]() Aero- Car Technology Makes a line of modern lubricants for model trains. AIM Products HO, N, O, and On. Weathering powders and washes. Signs. Alamosa Car Shops We manufacture craftsman kits for model railroaders. Alan Curtis Models (now N Scale Kits) N Scale cast metal kits of American Intermodal 5- unit Spine Cars and other freightcars and accessories. Albion Software Railroad related software for operations and inventory. Detail parts, decals, storage, and carrying case system and repowered diesel chassis and repowering kits. Alkem Scale Models Manufacturer of photoetched kits, detail parts and scenery items for N & HO scale modelers. All Scale Backdrops Backdrops for N, HO, O scale, unlimited length, height to 6. Allen Doherty's Worsley Works Kits. Suppliers of etched brass narrow gauge kits from 2mm to 1. British outline standard gauge kits in 2mm and 3mm scale and other scales by request. Allen Keller Productions Model railroad videos. Allied Electronics Electronic components. Alpine Division Scale Models Manufacturer of HO Buildings, trolley line poles, walk- around throttles. Metal, mat- board buildings. Alpine Railworks Alpine Railworks offers unique and imaginative model railroad products, accessories and scenic accents in G- Scale and 1/2. Scale. Alpine Software Developers of quality collection management software for model railroaders. Altoona Model Works Martinsburg, PA. Modelmaking services and prototypes. Laser cut model railroads kits, structures and buildings in N, HO, S, and O scale. Also cnc and laser cutting services. Museum quality craftsmanship. Alumilite Alumilite is a two part liquid plastic that turns from liquid to solid within 3 minutes. This casting resin allows you to reproduce anything you desire to the finest detail. American Beauty Soldering Tools Wide selection of Resistance Soldering Systems. Makes soldering like a professional fast and easy. American Limited Models HO & N scale model railroad products. American Model Builders Manufacturer of laser- cut structure kits, passenger car sides, cabooses, windows, and detail parts in HO, N, and O scale. American Models Manufacturers of quality S scale model trains. American Science & Surplus Ever- changing pile of incredible stuff at unbelievable prices: science and hobby kits, motors, tools and electrical components. AMSI Miniature Landscaping Landscaping material for model builders. Andersen Model Kits (Model Railroad Kits) Kits for rolling stock, structures, and trees for HO & O scale model railroading. Andromeda Research Throttles. ANE Model Producers of slow motion turnout machine . Also customize and print stock certificates for your railroad. Auto. Mobilia A small German company developing and distributing special spare parts for modelcars in 1: 8. The basis of the collection are very exact and fine detailed H0- photoetched parts. Designed and manufactured by model railroaders this product line was developed with the craftsman- oriented model builder in mind. Bare- Metal Foil & Hobby Co. Model Decal Paper BEL Inc. Website of Custom Made benchworks for the hobbyist. It accommodates your needs for size designs and scale - Z thru G ! Full Product Line available. Berkshire Junction Model Railroad Supplies We carry scenery improving products like Flashing Crossbucks, trees and EZ Line, along with behind- the- scenery products like power supplies, reversing units, and a variety of detectors. Berkshire Valley Manufacturer of detail parts, building kits, trailers and freight cars in O or 1/4. Locos designed for battery power and radio control. I also design and manufacture 'anti- glitch' R/C speed controllers and servo smoothers. Black & Decker Manufacturers of power and hand tools, including the Wizard motortool. Black Bear Construction Company Tools and supplies for building timber bridges in all scales. Acrylic jigs for trestle bents, truss bridges, deck bridges and arch bridges. Blackstone Models Dedicated to the creation of high quality models, blending old- world craftsmanship with today's state- of- the- art technology. Starting with the newest technology in sound and electronics and designing their models around them, making them uniquely different than most other model train manufacturers. Blackstone Valley Railway We specialize in constructing wooden model railroad structures in all scales and gauges. We also carry a full line of kits, materials for both modeling and tracklaying. Blair Line Signs, buildings, scenery items, and bridges for the HO or N scale model railroader. Blazer Corp America's leading producer of high- quality, precision- crafted micro- torches. BLMA Models BLMA Models was founded with the purpose of providing the most innovative HO, N, and Z Scale accessories to the model railroad community. Blue Ribbon Models by Dave Frary Information on scenery, building techniques, tips, books, and video tapes. Bluejacket Shipcrafters Fine wooden ship & boat building kits and parts in muliple scales. In business since 1. Boca Bearings Miniature bearings. Bollinger Edgerly Scale Trains Scale structures, Trains, and Accesories for Model Railroads. Borg Rail Finescale trackwork and turnouts in 7mm and 4mm scales. Semaphore signals in 7mm and 4mm scale. Lineside models in 7mm and 4mm scale. TCS DCC Decoders supplied and fitted. Boulder Valley Models Manufactures a growing line of easy to assemble high quality cast resin and wood kits. Bowser Manufacturer of quality N, HO and O scale rolling stock. BPH Enterprises (Sceni. Kin. G Div) Designer & Manufacturer of model railway backdrop kits and custom backdrops for N- HO- S- O- G scales. BPL Brassworks - Supplier of Brass Models Provides great value and service on brass engines, rolling stock, structures and other products. Bragdon Enterprises Cutting Edge Scenery Technologies. Bradley Woodworks The worlds only manufacturer of custom wood railroad station clocks. These clocks are made to the high quality specifications of the original railroad station clocks used to keep time for each station. Branchline Products 1 . The Cutting Edge Leader in Sound Equipped Model Trains. HO, N, On. 30 and G scales. B. T. S. Laser- cut wood kits with plastic and metal detail castings in HO, HOn. O, On. 3/3. 0 scales. BTS Structures Maker of craftsman kits in O and S scales. Builders In Scale Produces scale model structure kits and the materials, accessories and detail parts to create highly detailed miniature scenes for model railroads. Busch Miniature Models Manufacturers of HO scale vehicles, scenery, and other accessories. C& BT Shops Bringing prototypically correct freight equipment to the HO scale modeler, including standard and narrow gauge. C+L Finescale 4mm and 7mm track building products, including P8. Cache Creek Scale Models Manufacture of unique old time logging and mining cars in either HO or HON3. Free- lanced handcrafted from Basswood with Kadee Couplers and MDC metal wheel arche bar trucks fully assembled cars. CADenza Enterprises Custom- built model railroad modules. California Roadbed Co., Inc. Homasote pre- cut roadbed, N- G scales, available in 6. Cambrian Models Manufacturers of plastic kits and components since 1. Scale (1: 7. 6) and 1. Scale (1: 1. 9). Campbell Scale Models Manufacturer of Model Structures and parts. Cannon & Company Manufacturer of high quality injection molded styrene and photo etched brass HO scale Diesel detailing parts. Cannonball Ltd 1 1/2. Mail- order and manufacturer of model railroad locomotives, rolling stock, rail, rail accessories, and many miscellaneous model railroad parts and equipment. Canyon Creek Scenics - Model Trees Super- detailed scale trees and forest products for model railroad scenery. Car Works, The The most complete source of model trolley equipment. Carl's Toy Trains: The Brakeman's Riveting Set Factory quality riveter for O and S gauge toy trains, that is quick, easy and affordable. Carr's Locomotives Builder of 1. Scale Model Locomotives. Carson Home Video We offer some of the most interesting video programs featuring electrically powered rail vehicles as seen all over the world. C. Crow - Fine Hydrocal Casting by Offers a full line of HO scale castings and craftsman structure kits featuring fine scale masonry cast in White Hydrocal. The site includes many on- line clinics and photo references. Cedarhill Designs Manufacturer of O scale wooden structure kits. Centerline Products Manufactures model railroading's premier non- derailing, non- abrasive rail and wheel cleaner cars for Z to G scale. Central Locomotive Works We manufacture some of the best O Scale Brass kits and 'ready to run' models. Baseball - Wikipedia. Baseball. Highest governing body. World Baseball Softball Confederation. First played. 18th century England. Characteristics. Contact. No. Team members. Mixed gender. Yes, separate competitions. Typeteam sport, bat- and- ball. Equipment. Baseball. Baseball bat. Baseball glove. Bases. Venue. Baseball field. Presence. Country or region. Worldwide (most prominent in the Americas and East Asia)Olympic. Demonstration Sport: 1. Medal Sport: 1. 99. Baseball is a bat- and- ball game played between two teams of nine players each, who take turns batting and fielding. The batting team attempts to score runs by hitting a ball that is thrown by the pitcher with a bat swung by the batter, then running counter- clockwise around a series of four bases: first, second, third, and home plate. A run is scored when a player advances around the bases and returns to home plate. Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways. A player on the batting team who reaches a base safely can later attempt to advance to subsequent bases during teammates' turns batting, such as on a hit or by other means. The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding team records three outs. One turn batting for both teams, beginning with the visiting team, constitutes an inning. A game is composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins. Baseball has no game clock, although almost all games end in the ninth inning. Baseball evolved from older bat- and- ball games already being played in England by the mid- 1. This game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late 1. 9th century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States. Baseball is currently popular in North America and parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and East Asia, particularly Japan. In the United States and Canada, professional Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are divided into the National League (NL) and American League (AL), each with three divisions: East, West, and Central. The major league champion is determined by playoffs that culminate in the World Series. The top level of play is similarly split in Japan between the Central and Pacific Leagues and in Cuba between the West League and East League. History. Origins. A game from the Cantigas de Santa Maria, c. The evolution of baseball from older bat- and- ball games is difficult to trace with precision. A French manuscript from 1. Baseball Before We Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game (2. David Block, suggests that the game originated in England; recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position. Block argues that rounders and early baseball were actually regional variants of each other, and that the game's most direct antecedents are the English games of stoolball and . It contains a rhymed description of . Rounders was also brought to the USA by Canadians of both British and Irish ancestry. The first known American reference to baseball appears in a 1. Pittsfield, Massachusetts, town bylaw prohibiting the playing of the game near the town's new meeting house. As described by Johann Gutsmuths, . These games were often referred to locally as . There were many similarities to modern baseball, and some crucial differences: five bases (or byes); first bye just 1. The rules thus facilitated the use of a smaller, harder ball than had been common. Several other rules also brought the Knickerbockers' game close to the modern one, though a ball caught on the first bounce was, again, an out and only underhand pitching was allowed. With the Knickerbocker code as the basis, the rules of modern baseball continued to evolve over the next half- century. In 1. 85. 8 in Corona, Queens. New York, at the Fashion Race Course, the first games of baseball to charge admission took place. The games, which took place between the all stars of Brooklyn, including players from the Brooklyn Atlantics, Excelsior of Brooklyn, Putnams and Eckford of Brooklyn, and the All Stars of New York (Manhattan), including players from the New York Knickerbockers, Gothams (predecessors of the San Francisco Giants), Eagles and Empire, are commonly believed to be the first all- star baseball games. Four years later, it barred participation by African Americans. As the oldest surviving major league, the National League is sometimes referred to as the . In 1. 88. 4, African American Moses Walker (and, briefly, his brother Welday) played in one of these, the American Association. Several independent African American teams succeeded as barnstormers. The pact formalized relations both between the two major leagues and between them and the National Association of Professional Base Ball Leagues, representing most of the country's minor professional leagues. During the major leagues' early decades, players on various teams occasionally attempted strikes, which routinely failed when their jobs were sufficiently threatened. In general, the strict rules of baseball contracts and the reserve clause, which bound players to their teams even when their contracts had ended, tended to keep the players in check. The Black Sox Scandal led to the formation of a new National Commission of baseball that drew the two major leagues closer together. That year also saw the founding of the Negro National League; the first significant Negro league, it would operate until 1. For part of the 1. Eastern Colored League. The Irish Catholics dominated in the late 1. By the mid- 1. 88. Irish men dominated the sport and popularized a style of play that was termed heady, daring, and spontaneous.. Ed Delahanty personified the flamboyant, exciting spectator- favorite, the Casey- at- the- bat, Irish slugger. The handsome masculine athlete who is expected to live as large as he played. Strict new regulations governing the ball's size, shape and composition along with a new rule officially banning the spitball, along with other pitches that depended on the ball being treated or roughed- up with foreign substances after the death of Ray Chapman who was hit by a pitch in August 1. World War I, resulted in a ball that traveled farther when hit. The construction of additional seating to accommodate the rising popularity of the game often had the effect of bringing the outfield fences closer in, making home runs more common. The club with which Ruth set most of his slugging records, the New York Yankees, built a reputation as the majors' premier team. Louis Cardinalsgeneral manager. Branch Rickey invested in several minor league clubs and developed the first modern . The first elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame took place in 1. In 1. 93. 9 Little League Baseball was founded in Pennsylvania. By the late 1. 94. United States. With America's entry into World War II, many professional players had left to serve in the armed forces. A large number of minor league teams disbanded as a result and the major league game seemed under threat as well. Chicago Cubs owner Philip K. Wrigley led the formation of a new professional league with women players to help keep the game in the public eye – the All- American Girls Professional Baseball League existed from 1. This program soon became another important organizing body for children's baseball. The first crack in the unwritten agreement barring blacks from white- controlled professional ball occurred the previous year: Jackie Robinson was signed by the National League's Brooklyn Dodgers—where Branch Rickey had become general manager—and began playing for their minor league team in Montreal. Larry Doby debuted with the American League's Cleveland Indians the same year. In 1. 95. 1, two Chicago White Sox, Venezuelan- born Chico Carrasquel and black Cuban- born Minnie Mi. While the majors rebounded by the mid- 1. It was the first professional baseball union to survive more than briefly, but it remained largely ineffective for years. Louis until 1. 95. Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants relocated to Los Angeles and San Francisco, respectively. This coincidentally helped Roger Maris break Babe Ruth's long- standing single- season home run record, one of the most celebrated marks in baseball. With this, the first major league expansion in 6. Attendance records and the age of steroids. The players' union became bolder under the leadership of former United Steelworkers chief economist and negotiator Marvin Miller, who was elected executive director in 1. After the 1. 96. 8 season, in an effort to restore balance, the strike zone was reduced and the height of the pitcher's mound was lowered from 1. In 1. 96. 9, both the National and American leagues added two more expansion teams, the leagues were reorganized into two divisions each, and a post- season playoff system leading to the World Series was instituted. Also that same year, Curt Flood of the St. Louis Cardinals made the first serious legal challenge to the reserve clause. The major leagues' first general players' strike took place in 1. Significant work stoppages occurred again in 1. World Series for the first time in 9. Offensive production—the number of home runs in particular—had surged that year, and again in the abbreviated 1. Regular- season interleague play was introduced in 1. In 2. 00. 0, the National and American leagues were dissolved as legal entities. While their identities were maintained for scheduling purposes (and the designated hitter distinction), the regulations and other functions—such as player discipline and umpire supervision—they had administered separately were consolidated under the rubric of Major League Baseball (MLB). There had long been suspicions that the dramatic increase in power hitting was fueled in large part by the abuse of illegal steroids (as well as by the dilution of pitching talent due to expansion), but the issue only began attracting significant media attention in 2.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
August 2017
Categories |